BLACK HOLE BARU !!!!

Satu ledakan bintang pada 30 tahun yang lalu di dekat galaksi diduga menciptakan lubang hitam baru, demikian laporan para ahli astronomi, Senin.

Pengamatan yang dilakukan melalui sinar infra mengatakan supernova yang dijuluki SN 1979C merupakan lubang hitam yang sedang terbentuk, ujar sebuah regu ahli astronomi yang berasal dari Amerika Serikat dan Eropa.

"Jika perkiraan kami benar, itu merupakan contoh terdekat bagi pengamatan penciptaan sebuah lubang hitam," ujar seorang ahli Astrofisika dari Harvard-Smithsonian Center di Massachusetts, Daniel Patnaude, yang memimpin penelitian itu.

Seorang ahli astronomi amatir dari Maryland, Gus Johnson, menemukan supernova pada 1979 di tepi sebuah galaksi yang bernama M100, kemudian para ahli astronomi lain meneliti hal tersebut setelah penemuannya. Cahaya dan sinar infra dari pecahan telah memakan waktu selama 50 juta tahun untuk menuju ke bumi dengan kecepatan cahaya sebesar 300.000 kilometer per-detik atau sekitar 10 triliun kilometer per-tahunnya.

Pusat Pengamatan Sinar Infra Chandra milik NASA, Badan Antariksa Eropa XMM-Newton, dan Pusat Pengamatan Rosat milik Jerman telah menyaksikan bahwa itu memancarkan sumber sinar infra stabil yang terang.

Analisis sinar infra mendukung ide bahwa benda yang diamati merupakan lubang hitam dan itu juga akan menarik masuk benda yang jatuh dari sebuah supernova atau mungkin dari bintang kembar, ujar para ahli astronomi.

Para ilmuwan percaya bahwa lubang hitam dapat tercipta melalui beberapa cara yang dalam hal ini karena sebuah bintang yang berukuran sekitar 20 kali massa dari Matahari yang akan menjadi supernova dan kemudian meledak menjadi beberapa benda yang padat yang menghisap benda-benda di sekitarnya kedalam inti lubang hitam itu.

NASA's Fermi Telescope Finds Giant Structure in our Galaxy

WASHINGTON -- NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has unveiled a previously unseen structure centered in the Milky Way. The feature spans 50,000 light-years and may be the remnant of an eruption from a supersized black hole at the center of our galaxy.

"What we see are two gamma-ray-emitting bubbles that extend 25,000 light-years north and south of the galactic center," said Doug Finkbeiner, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass., who first recognized the feature. "We don't fully understand their nature or origin."

The structure spans more than half of the visible sky, from the constellation Virgo to the constellation Grus, and it may be millions of years old. A paper about the findings has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal.

Finkbeiner and his team discovered the bubbles by processing publicly available data from Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT). The LAT is the most sensitive and highest-resolution gamma-ray detector ever launched. Gamma rays are the highest-energy form of light.

Other astronomers studying gamma rays hadn't detected the bubbles partly because of a fog of gamma rays that appears throughout the sky. The fog happens when particles moving near the speed of light interact with light and interstellar gas in the Milky Way. The LAT team constantly refines models to uncover new gamma-ray sources obscured by this so-called diffuse emission. By using various estimates of the fog, Finkbeiner and his colleagues were able to isolate it from the LAT data and unveil the giant bubbles.

Scientists now are conducting more analyses to better understand how the never-before-seen structure was formed. The bubble emissions are much more energetic than the gamma-ray fog seen elsewhere in the Milky Way. The bubbles also appear to have well-defined edges. The structure's shape and emissions suggest it was formed as a result of a large and relatively rapid energy release - the source of which remains a mystery.

One possibility includes a particle jet from the supermassive black hole at the galactic center. In many other galaxies, astronomers see fast particle jets powered by matter falling toward a central black hole. While there is no evidence the Milky Way's black hole has such a jet today, it may have in the past. The bubbles also may have formed as a result of gas outflows from a burst of star formation, perhaps the one that produced many massive star clusters in the Milky Way's center several million years ago.

"In other galaxies, we see that starbursts can drive enormous gas outflows," said David Spergel, a scientist at Princeton University in New Jersey. "Whatever the energy source behind these huge bubbles may be, it is connected to many deep questions in astrophysics."

Hints of the bubbles appear in earlier spacecraft data. X-ray observations from the German-led Roentgen Satellite suggested subtle evidence for bubble edges close to the galactic center, or in the same orientation as the Milky Way. NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe detected an excess of radio signals at the position of the gamma-ray bubbles.

The Fermi LAT team also revealed Tuesday the instrument's best picture of the gamma-ray sky, the result of two years of data collection.

"Fermi scans the entire sky every three hours, and as the mission continues and our exposure deepens, we see the extreme universe in progressively greater detail," said Julie McEnery, Fermi project scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.

NASA's Fermi is an astrophysics and particle physics partnership, developed in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Energy, with important contributions from academic institutions and partners in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden and the United States.

"Since its launch in June 2008, Fermi repeatedly has proven itself to be a frontier facility, giving us new insights ranging from the nature of space-time to the first observations of a gamma-ray nova," said Jon Morse, Astrophysics Division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “These latest discoveries continue to demonstrate Fermi's outstanding performance.”

http://www.nasa.gov

Decade

From 220 miles above Earth, the Expedition 25 crew aboard the International Space Station shot this night time image of the northern Gulf coast. Mobile Bay and the city of Mobile (top left, beneath one of the solar panels of a docked Russian Soyuz spacecraft), New Orleans and Houston are visible as the view moves southeastward. The Interstate Highway 20 cities of Jackson, Shreveport, Dallas and Fort Worth are also visible further inland. The view extends northward (left) to Little Rock and Oklahoma City.

Since Nov. 2, 2000, humans have lived and worked in space continuously on board the station.

Image Credit: NASA